One not to miss… The Arrhythmic Mitral Valve Prolapse Syndrome

Dr Rahul Ghelani MBBS, BSc, MRCP
25/07/2025

Take home messages

  • Mitral valve prolapse is the most common valvular heart disease and historically was considered benign in the absence of severe mitral regurgitation and preserved left ventricular function.
  • A new emerging subset associated with sudden cardiac death that does not follow traditional risk stratification has been established, termed the arrhythmic mitral valve prolapse (A-MVP) syndrome.
  • A-MVP poses a clinical challenge in identifying those at risk of lethal arrythmias that may benefit from a primary prevention implantable cardiac defibrillator. Ultimately further research is required to improve risk stratification.

Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is the most common valvular heart disease in developed countries, with a prevalence of 2-3% across the general population (1). It is associated with connective tissue diseases and a genetic component has been described; the presence of parental MVP has been found to increase risk 5-fold (2). It is clinically defined as a systolic superior displacement of one or both mitral valve leaflets, >2mm above the plane of the mitral annulus. MVP is heterogenous but two distinct phenotypic subsets are defined: (i) myxomatous (Barlow’s) disease, characterised by excess tissue and chordal thickening/elongation, as a result of a non-inflammatory, progressive disarray of valve structure and (ii) fibroblastic deficiency, characterised by chordal thinning and a higher probability of chordae rupture (1).